• Kukuthini ukosuleleka yintsholongwane kaGawulayo?
• Ukunqanda nokunikezela ngolwazi
• Amanqanaba okosuleleka yintsholongwane kaGawulayo
• Yintoni unyango ngamachiza okwandisa ixesha lokuphila kwabaneNtsholongwane kaGawulayo/Gawulayo?
• Ngubani ekufuneka ethabathe unyango lwala machiza?
• Unyango ngamachiza okwandisa ixesha lokuphila kwabantwana abaneNtsholongwane kaGawulayo/Gawulayo?

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo okanye intsholongwane ebangela ukudodobala kwamajoni omzimba womntu, ngunobangela wokosuleleka yi-HIV. Xa umntu sele osulelekile yile ntsholongwane, kuba njalo ubomi bakhe bonke. Kuthi emva kwexesha elide le ntsholongwane ikhule ibe nguGawulayo ngenkqu (isifo esele singenile esibangela ukudodobala kwamajoni omzimba). UGawulayo angakhula kuphela emva kweminyaka emininzi umntu wosuleleka yile ntshongwane.

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo isuleleka komnye umntu ngeencindi zomzimba. Eyona ndlela inokufane uyifumane ngayo le ntsholongwane kukufunyanwa ziincindi zomzimba womntu osele enayo ngexa nisabelana ngesondo. Umntu ngamnye kubantu abathandathu okanye abasibhozo eMzantsi Afrika unentsholongwane kaGawulayo. Akumelanga kuba nabantu owabelana nabo ngesondo abaninzi, nqwa nokuba kungafunekanga ukuba wabelane ngesondo rhoqo ukuze wosuleleke yile ntsholongwane.

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ingosuleleka kwanangegazi okanye isuke kumama onayo iye kusana lwakhe ngexa lokukhulelwa kwakhe, ngexa lokubeleka okanye ngexa encancisa umntwana wakhe ubisi lwebele. AYOSULELI ngokuphuzana, ukusebenzisa isitya okanye ifolokhwe enye, okanye ngokusebenzisa indlu yangasese enye.

Ukunqandwa kokosuleleka nokunizela ngolwazi kuya kusoloko kungundoqo kwindlela iSebe lezeMpilo elijongana ngayo nentsholongwane kaGawulayo/Gawulayo. Oku kusekelwe ekubeni umntu akhe athi xha kuthenjwane, ze kusoloko kusetyenziswa iikhondom xa kusabelwana ngesondo:

• Yithi xha ekwabelaneni ngesondo - Le yeyona ndlela ithembakeleyo yokuzikhusela ekosulelekeni yintsholongwane kaGawulayo.
• Amaqabane kufuneka asoloko ethembakele - Soloko usabelana ngesondo nomntu omnye kuphla. Lo mntu naye kufuneka angabelani ngesondo nabani na omnye yaye abe kanti akanayo le ntsholongwane okanye ezinye izifo ezosuleleka ngenxa yokwabelana ngesondo.
• Sebenzisa Ikhondom Rhoqo - Zisebenzise ngalo lonke ixesha usabelana ngesondo iikhondom, futhi uzisebenzise ngendlela eyiyo.

Umzimba wakho unamajoni awukhuselayo ze akugcine uphilile. Le ntsholongwane ibulala la majoni emzibeni wakho (abizwa ngokuba zii-CD4 cells) Ngaphandle kwezi CD4 cells, umzimba wakho awukwazi tu ukuzikhusela kumagciwane.

Kuyithatha intsholongwane kaGawulayo iminyaka emininzi (ephakathi kwemithathu nengama-20 ukuze iwonakalise onke amajoni omzimba wakho, ngoko ke kulixesha elide phambi kokuba la majoni abe mancinci kangangokuba awanakuwukhusela umzimba wakho. Kubakho iminyaka emininzi yokuphila emva kokosuleleka yile ntsholongwane

Inqanaba 1: Ngeli xesha "amajoni" asenawo noko amandla. Umntu onenqanaba lokuqala lale ntsholongwane uphila kakuhle futhi naye usaziva mnandi. Amadlala abangela ukudumba entanyeni nasemiphakathweni aqhelekile - abonisa ukuba amajoni omzimba alwa nale ntsholongwane.

Inqanaba 2: Njengoko indlela yokubala ye-CD4 iya isehla izigulo ezingephi zinokuvela, njengamaqhakuva kulusu okanye isifo sorhudo. Abantu abanenqanaba 2 lokosuleleka banozifumana besehla ngokwasemzimbeni.

Inqanaba 3: Isifo sephepha sisifo esiqhelekileyo senqanaba 3 eNtshona Koloni. Abantu abanenqanaba 3 lokosuleleka banokufumana amagciwane athile emilonyeni yabo. Ukwehla kobunzima bomzimba okongezelekileyo nokurhuda kwinqanaba 3. Ezinye izigulwana, ezifana nenyumoniya, nazo zingavela. Abantu abanenqanaba 3 lokosuleleka kufuneka basebenzise iyeza elaziwa ngokuba yi-co-trimoxazole, elinceda ekunqandeni izifo zesifuba nokurhuda, ntsuku zonke.

Inqanaba 4: Umntu onentsholongwane kaGawulayo kwinqanaba 4 lokosuleleka usemngciphekweni wokuhlaselwa zizifo ezisoloko zizungula amathuba okungena emzimbeni. Ezi ke zizifo, ezingena kuphela kubantu abanamajoni omzimba aphelelwe kakhulu ngamandla okulwa nezifo (ICD4 abala ngaphantsi kwama-200 cells/ mm3). Xa esinye sezi zifo sivela, umntu lowo uthathwa njengonoGawulayo.

Izifo ezininzi ezihlasela abantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo ziyanyangeka, ingakumbi xa bezigonyelwe kwangexesha. Ezinye zinakho nokunqandwa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo baye kubona oogqirha okanye abongikazi babo xa bengaziva mnandi, ukuze ezo ngxaki zisonjululwe ngoko nangoko.

La machiza ngamayeza anikwa abantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo ukuvalela le ntsholongwane egazini. Oku ke yindlela yomzimba wakho yokulwa nezifo ukuba ibuyele empilweni (indlela yokubala ye-CD4 ingenyuka). Abantu abasebenzisa la machiza kancinci futhi iingxaki abebenazo, ezifana nokurhuda kwanamaqhakuva ebusweni, ziyaphela.

Ukuba la machiza asetyenziswa ngokuthembakala nangendlela eyiyo, amayeza awo angayinciphisa le ntsholongwane iye kuma kwinqanaba egazini apho ingenakukwazi kuphinda ilinganiselwe (ingafumaneki).

Abantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo abaludingi unyango ngamachiza okwandisa ixesha lokuphila kwabantu abanentsholongwane kaGwulayo/Gawulayo xa amajoni emizimba yabo esenamandla (Amanqanaba 1, 2 nele-3). Unyango ngala machiza lufuneka kuphela xa amajoni alwa nezifo emzimbeni ephelelwa ngamandla. Olu nyango kufuneka kucingwe ngalo ukuba umntu omdala onentsholongwane kaGawulayo unendlela yeCD4 yokubala iicells ezingama-200, okanye xa sele ehlaselwe sisifo esikhulu (senqanaba 4).

La mayeza okunyanga abantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo/abanoGawulayo awayi kusebenza kakuhle xa engasetyenziswa ngentembeko. Abantu abacinga ukuzinyanga ngokuthi basebenzise la machiza kufuneka bakulungele ukuthatha iipilisi ntsuku zonke, kabini ngosuku. Abantu abaneengxaki zokusebenzisa ngendlela engeyiyo amachiza, umzekelo: ukusela utywala ngaphaya kokuqonda, bakufumana kunzima kakhulu ukusebenzisa amayeza ngokuthembeka ntsuku zonke. Iingxaki zokungasetyenziswa kakuhle kwamachiza kufuneka kuqale kusonjululwe zona phambi kokuba kuqalwe ngamayeza okunyanga intsholongwane kaGawulayo/uGawulayo.

Abantwana abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo badinga kuphela unyango ngala machiza ukuba indlela yemizimba yabo yokulwa nezifo sele iphelelwe ngamandla. Abantwana abaninzi abanale ntsholongwane baphila kamnandi besempilweni iminyaka emininzi phambi kokuba badinge unyango ngala machiza.

Abantwana badinga unyango ngamachiza onyango lwale ntsholongwane xa beguliswa zizifo ezinento yokwenza nentsholongwane kaGawulayo, okanye ukuba banepesenti esezantsi ye-CD4.

Amachiza okulwa nentsholongwane kaGawulayo/noGawulayo ayingxenye yonyango lwabantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo. Abantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo bangahlala besempilweni iminyaka emininzi phambi kokuba bafikelele kwinqanaba apho badinga unyango lwamachiza okulwa nale ntsholongwane. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abantu abaphila nentsholongwane kaGawulayo bazimase inkonzo yononophelo lwempilo yabo yenqanaba lokuqala ukusoloko kusaziwa ukuba bandawoni na nale ntsholongwane. Abantu abaphila nentsholongwane kaGawulayo kufuneka kwinyongo yabo yonyango nonophelo lwenqaba lokuqala rhoqo xa bengaziva mnandi.

Ukuba umntu onentsholongwane kaGawulayo uqwalasela nayiphi na enye yezi ngxaki zilandelayo, kubalulekile ukuba andwendwele inkonzo yakhe yonyango lwenqanaba lokuqala ngeenjongo zokuya kuphononongwa:

• ukukhohlela okungapheliyo (iiveki ezimbini),
• ukuhla komzimba okubonakala lula (ii-kilograms ezimbalwa)
• ukubila okungapheliyo ebusuku (iiveki ezimbini)
• ukungakwazi ukuzibamba ngokwangasese okanye ukurhuda okungapheliyo ixesha elingaphanya kweeveki ezimbini
• intloko ebuhlungu engapheliyo okanye ukusoloko udiniwe
• naziphi na ezinye iimpawu ezimkhathazayo

Unyango ngala machiza okulwa netsholongwane kaGawulayo/noGawulayo lufumaneka kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo kwiphondo lonke. Abantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo abafuna unyango ngala machiza bangakufumana oko ngokuthunyelwa yinkonzo yabo yonyango yenqanaba lokuqala. Zonke iindawo zonyango lwenqanaba lokuqala kweli phondo zinalo ilungelo lokuthumela izigulana zazo kunyango ngamachiza okulwa nentsholongwane kaGawulayo kwiindawo olufumaneka kuzo.

Abantu abayindwendwela okokuqala eklinikhi/isibhedlele esikwinqanaba lesibini okanye lesithathu baya kucelwa ukuba bagcwalise iphetshana lesicelo ze bavulelwe icwecwe. Yiza nencwadana yakho yesazisi. Icwadi yembalelwano esuka kwiklinikhi ekuthumele apho iyafuneka xa usiya esibhedlele. Okunye, izibhedlele ziya kukucela ukuba uzinike esona siqinisekiso sitsha somvuzo/sengeniso yakho ukuzama ukukuvavanya ngokwasezimalini(IRP5). Yiza nekhadi lakho lasesibhedlele ukuba wawukhe wabhalisa ngaphambili kweso sibhedlele.

Le mibutho ilandelayo inokukunika uncedo:

• Aids Training, Information and Counselling Centre (ATICC): inombolo yomnxeba: 021 797 3327; Inombolo Yefeksi: 021 797 3356
• National Association of People Living with HIV/Aids (Napwa): tel 021 424 1106
• Networking Aids Community of SA (Nacosa): inombolo yomnxeba 021 425 4308
• Treatment Action Campaign (TAC): inombolo yomnxeba 021 788 3507, inombolo yefeksi 021 788 3726
• Aids Law Project (ALP): inombolo yefeksi 011 403 6918 okanye 011 717 8600, inombolo yefeksi 011 403 2341

Unyango ngala machiza okulwa netsholongwane kaGawulayo/noGawulayo lufumaneka kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo kwiphondo lonke. Abantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo abafuna unyango ngala machiza bangakufumana oko ngokuthunyelwa yinkonzo yabo yonyango yenqanaba lokuqala. Zonke iindawo zonyango lwenqanaba lokuqala kweli phondo zinalo ilungelo lokuthumela izigulana zazo kunyango ngamachiza okulwa nentsholongwane kaGawulayo kwiindawo olufumaneka kuzo.

Abantu abayindwendwela okokuqala eklinikhi/isibhedlele esikwinqanaba lesibini okanye lesithathu baya kucelwa ukuba bagcwalise iphetshana lesicelo ze bavulelwe icwecwe. Yiza nencwadana yakho yesazisi. Icwadi yembalelwano esuka kwiklinikhi ekuthumele apho iyafuneka xa usiya esibhedlele. Okunye, izibhedlele ziya kukucela ukuba uzinike esona siqinisekiso sitsha somvuzo/sengeniso yakho ukuzama ukukuvavanya ngokwasezimalini(IRP5). Yiza nekhadi lakho lasesibhedlele ukuba wawukhe wabhalisa ngaphambili kweso sibhedlele.

• Aids Training, Information and Counselling Centre (ATICC): inombolo yomnxeba: 021 797 3327; Inombolo Yefeksi: 021 797 3356
• National Association of People Living with HIV/Aids (Napwa): tel 021 424 1106
• Treatment Action Campaign (TAC): inombolo yomnxeba 021 788 3507, inombolo yefeksi 021 788 3726
• Aids Law Project (ALP): inombolo yomnxeba 011 356 4100, inombolo yefeksi 011 339 4311